(2025 E Book 237) Afzal khan’s Lost Victory

Endorsement

The book presented by Wing Commander Shashikant Oak on behalf of military commanders is based on a remarkably engaging subject.

While extensive literature exists on Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the author’s initiative to examine Afzal Khan’s strategic and military standpoint is both innovative and crucial. This military perspective on the conflict between Shivaji Maharaj and Afzal Khan sparks fresh analysis in the realm of historical interpretation, helping to reassess the imbalanced representations of history.

Academic Depth in Historical Approach: The effort to study confidential wartime reports, errors, and the root causes of defeat feels thoughtful and profound. For future writings with a balanced lens, this step will prove even more significant.

Balanced Analysis: The detailed study of Afzal Khan’s personality, temperament, strengths, and military capabilities is well-presented by the author.

Afzal Khan’s campaign relied more on political strategy and psychological warfare than conventional military readiness. To spread terror around Tuljapur, certain Maratha scouts were deliberately sent through villages with drums and trumpets, ensuring this information would reach Shivaji. This was not coincidental—it was a deliberate attempt to spread fear.

The narrative following Afzal Khan’s departure from Bijapur reveals his strategic intent, travel direction, and political tactics. His expedition wasn’t confined to military action alone—it was also fuelled by extensive political ambitions.

The movement of his forces wasn’t just military rampage across villages; the destruction of temples, jewelers, and wealthy merchants was more than just looting—it was aimed at sowing dissent against Shivaji. By eliminating Bajaji Naik Nimbalkar, Khan applied pressure on Shivaji’s close allies. This was a vivid example of political oppression. At every stage, he captured local administration, expanding both his troop strength and dominance.

His vision involved seizing power in Bijapur. Defeating Shivaji was only the first phase of this strategy. Following this, he intended to occupy key regions such as Panhala and Konkan and assert his superiority.

The intoxication of victory impaired Afzal Khan’s decision-making. He assumed he had full control over events—but this very arrogance brought danger closer.

• Afzal Khan’s army exceeded 30,000 personnel, including cavalry, elephants, camels, and oxen—with enormous daily needs for grain and fodder.
• Local property was seized to provide essentials like food, grass, and water for the military camps.
• His army became a tremendous economic and logistical burden.

By outlining the vast scale of Afzal Khan’s encampment and military plans, the book illuminates how military commanders of that era approached strategic planning.

The details surrounding the actual encounter—specifically which weapon pierced Afzal Khan’s gut—and the silence around Krishnaji Kulkarni’s involvement, seem intentionally omitted from discussion.

At a critical moment, despite having armor in reach, he chose to ignore its use. Even after disappointing his commanders by accepting Shivaji’s terms, Khan was confident of winning based on his previous accomplishments and physical strength. His confidence wasn’t misplaced, but it proved insufficient against the wrong opponent.

The book powerfully portrays the unexpected developments following Afzal Khan’s death, detailing the flurry of events, the fear within Musakhan’s ranks, and Shivaji’s subsequent campaign plans. The inclusion of photographs of Pratapgad, maps of Tai Ghat and Nisani Ghat, and the steep historical inclines compared with present-day routes are especially compelling.

The account of the battles in Kolhapur and the roles played by commanders like Netaji Palkar are presented with exceptional detail and passion. Key elements include:

Strategic Precision: Your explanation of how terrain elements such as hills and rivers were tactically employed is academically sound.

Military Ingenuity: Shivaji’s tactical assignments to his commanders for specific targets, and close monitoring of Khan’s forces, are clearly outlined.

Battlefield Drama: The precautions taken during sudden assaults and the chaos within Khan’s ranks are vividly brought to life.

Human Sentiment: The morale of Khan’s commanders, the psychological weight of defeat, and the heroism of Shivaji’s troops create strong emotional resonance in the narrative.

Instead of portraying Shivaji Maharaj as a “superman,” you honor him as a wise military leader who used strategic brilliance, effective leadership, and natural resources with precision. This portrayal is deeply impactful and demonstrates true balance. The book beautifully showcases Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s foresight and tactical mind. As an author, Wing Commander Shashikant Oak vividly paints the valor of a legendary hero.

Writing Style: Your style is engaging and builds curiosity. References to footnotes, modern parallels (such as the 1971 defeat and the Kargil War), and examples like “For Your Eyes Only” reports establish strong connections between history and current affairs. The narrative is highly researched, richly detailed, and keeps readers fully immersed.

Through your study of Indian military history and Shivaji Maharaj’s strategies, this unique lens offers crucial insights. The perspective on the Pratapgad conflict opens new pathways of thought for readers.

This book will resonate strongly with military scholars, history enthusiasts, and general readers alike. You have made a significant and inspiring contribution on a profoundly important subject.

— Compiled by Copilot Vidyadhar